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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyNeuroscience Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.198224

Norepinephrinergic projection from locus coeruleus to parafascicular nucleus promotes pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mice

Zhong-Yi Liu,1 Fei Li,1 Li-Ming Liu,1 Yao-Hua Liu,1 Jia Li,1 Zi-Ang Li,1 Jin Cheng,1 Tian-Yu Zhao,1 Hui-Min Tian,1 Dong-Ning Li,1 Sha-Sha Tao,1 Hui Li,1 Fen-Sheng Huang,2 and Yun-Qing Li1

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Liu, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Liu, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Liu, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Cheng, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Zhao, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Tian, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Tao, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Huang, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

2Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

Find articles by Li, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published April 7, 2026 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.198224.
Copyright © 2026, Liu et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published April 7, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Chronic neuropathic pain is frequently comorbid with anxiety disorders, yet the neural circuits underlying this interaction remain poorly defined. The parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus (PF) integrates nociceptive and affective signals, but its specific regulatory mechanisms in pain-anxiety comorbidity are not well known. Using spared nerve injury (SNI) model mice, we combined viral neural tracing, chemogenetics, pharmacology, and electrophysiology to dissect the locus coeruleus (LC)-PF neural pathway. Viral tracing revealed monosynaptic projections from norepinephrinergic (NEergic) neurons in the dorsal LC to calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα)- immunopositive neurons within the PF. Chemogenetic inhibition/activation of this pathway were performed in naïve and SNI mice, alongside intra-PF microinjection of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRA2) antagonist yohimbine. Behavioral tests assessed mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors. Results showed that 92.1% of PF-projecting LC neurons were NEergic, with 70.1% localized dorsally. Chemogenetic inhibition of LCNE-PFCaMKIIα neural pathway significantly alleviated both acute-phase mechanical hypersensitivity (< 7 days post-surgery) and chronic-phase anxiety-like behaviors in SNI mice, while activation of this pathway induced pain sensitization and anxiety-like behaviors in naïve mice. Intra-PF yohimbine reversed SNI-induced allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors. Electrophysiology confirmed yohimbine increased PF neuronal intrinsic excitability. These results suggest that the LCNE-PFCaMKIIα neural pathway promotes neuropathic pain and comorbid anxiety via ADRA2-mediated suppression of PF neuronal activity. Targeted inhibition of this circuit may represent a therapeutic strategy for pain-related affective disorders.

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