(A) Study design. (B) UMAP of 4 fibroblast states. (C and D) Fibroblast state proportions by phenotype and individual lobar samples. (E) Differential expression in fibroblasts (RAS vs. BOS). (F) Single-cell POSTN expression in fibroblasts. (G) Sample-level POSTN abundance. (H) Representative H&E, trichrome, and POSTN immunostaining. (I) Histologic scoring and POSTN-positive area fraction. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparison test was used. Box-and-whisker plots show the median (center line), the interquartile range (box), and whiskers extending to 1.5× the interquartile range; individual points represent lobar specimens.