(A) Timeline. (B) CVB3 capsid antibodies in blood samples at days 14 and 28 in the 4-week vaccination period via ELISA. (C) Representative pictures of IHC staining for CVB3 at endpoint. Arrows indicate CVB3⁺ cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. (D) H&E staining of a representative area of the pancreas. Scale bar: 1 mm. (E) Quantification of ADM, PanIN1A/B, PanIN2, and PanIN3 in CVB3 infected KC mice either vaccinated (n = 7) or vehicle treated (n = 5). P values for vehicle versus vaccinated CVB3-treated KC mice: ADM, P < 0.0001; PanIN1A/B, P < 0.0001; PanIN2, P < 0.0001. (F) Bar graph indicating the percentage of CD3⁺CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells. (G–J) Bar graphs indicating relative change of Treg (FoxP3⁺ T cells), total macrophages (F4/80⁺ cells), Ym1⁺ macrophages, or SMA⁺ stellate cells between conditions. (K) Representative pictures of trichrome staining for n = 5 for both conditions. Scale bar: 100 μm. In B and E–J, the statistical significance between groups was determined using a 2-tailed t test. In B and F–J, data are shown as mean ± SD, and individual dots represent samples from individual mice.