The fields in which physician-scientists work have much to gain by including people with different backgrounds and unique experiences in the search for new knowledge and solutions for existing problems [1, 2]. The next generation of physician-scientists will be from the millennial and Gen Z generations, which are far more diverse than previous generations and have the potential to diversify the workforce [3]. Yet, many systemic and cultural barriers exist to limit the entry and advancement of physician-scientists from underrepresented backgrounds [4]. Thus, while addressing the shrinking physician-scientist workforce has been a major focus of the last four decades [5], we argue that promoting diversity in the workforce and reducing barriers for underrepresented groups should also be a priority. Here, we highlight many underrepresented groups that deserve attention and provide suggestions for how to support their inclusion in the physician-scientist workforce.